VARCTESTS 2014

Saturday, 23 August 2014

VT 54 - CRITICAL REASONING

1. Nearly one in three subscribers to Financial Forecaster is

a millionaire, and over half are in top management.

Shouldn’t you subscribe to Financial Forecaster now?

A reader who is neither a millionaire nor in top management would be most likely to act in accordance with the advertisement’s suggestion if he or she drew which of the following questionable conclusions invited by the advertisement?

(A) Among finance-related periodicals. Financial Forecaster provides the most detailed financial information.

(B) Top managers cannot do their jobs properly without reading Financial Forecaster.

(D) The subscribers mentioned were helped to become millionaires or join top management by reading Financial Forecaster.

(E) Only those who will in fact become millionaires, or at least top managers, will read the advertisement.

Questions 2-3 are based on the following.

Contrary to the charges made by some of its opponents, the provisions of the new deficit-reduction law for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget are justified. Opponents should remember that the New Deal pulled this country out of great economic troubles even though some of its programs were later found to be unconstitutional.

2. The author’s method of attacking the charges of certain opponents of the new deficit-reduction law is to

(A) attack the character of the opponents rather than their claim

(B) imply an analogy between the law and some New Deal programs

(D) show that the opponents’ reasoning leads to an absurd conclusion

(E) show that the New Deal also called for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget

3. The opponents could effectively defend their position against the author’s strategy by pointing out that

(A) the expertise of those opposing the law is outstanding

(B) the lack of justification for the new law does not imply that those who drew it up were either inept or immoral

(D) economic troubles present at the time of the New Deal were equal in severity to those that have led to the present law

(E) the fact that certain flawed programs or laws have improved the economy does not prove that every such program can do so

4. In Millington, a city of 50,000 people, Mercedes Pedrosa, a realtor, calculated that a family with Millington’s median family income, $28,000 a year, could afford to buy Millington’s median-priced $77,000 house. This calculation was based on an 11.2 percent mortgage interest rate and on the realtor’s assumption that a family could only afford to pay up to 25 percent of its income for housing.

Which of the following corrections of a figure appearing in the passage above, if it were the only correction that needed to be made, would yield a new calculation showing that even incomes below the median family income would enable families in Millington to afford Millington’s median-priced house?

(A) Millington’s total population was 45,000 people.

(B) Millington’s median annual family income was $27,000

(D) The rate at which people in Millington had to pay mortgage interest was only 10 percent.

(E) Families in Millington could only afford to pay up to 22 percent of their annual income for housing.

5. Psychological research indicates that college hockey and football players are more quickly moved to hostility and aggression than are college athletes in noncontact sports such as swimming. But the researchers’ conclusion—that contact sports encourage and teach participants to be hostile and aggressive—is untenable. The football and hockey players were probably more hostile and aggressive to start with than the swimmers.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the psychological researchers?

(A) The football and hockey players became more hostile and aggressive during the season and remained so during the off-season, whereas there was no increase in aggressiveness among the swimmers.

(B) The football and hockey players, but not the swimmers, were aware at the start of the experiment that they were being tested for aggressiveness.

(C) The same psychological research indicated that the football and hockey players had a great respect for cooperation and team play, whereas the swimmers were most concerned with excelling as individual competitors.

(D) The research studies were designed to include no college athletes who participated in both contact and noncontact sports.

(E) Throughout the United States, more incidents of fan violence occur at baseball games than occur at hockey or football games.

6.Ross: The profitability of Company X, restored to private
ownership five years ago, is clear evidence that
businesses will always fare better under private than
under public ownership.

Julia: Wrong. A close look at the records shows that X has
been profitable since the appointment of a first-class
manager, which happened while X was still in the
pubic sector.

Which of the following best describes the weak point in Ross’s claim on which Julia’s response focuses?

(A) The evidence Ross cites comes from only a single observed case, that of Company X.

(B) The profitability of Company X might be only temporary.

(D) No mention is made of companies that are partly government owned and partly privately owned.

(E) No exact figures are given for the current profits of Company X.

7. Stronger patent laws are needed to protect inventions from being pirated. With that protection, manufacturers would be encouraged to invest in the development of new products and technologies. Such investment frequently results in an increase in a manufacturer’s productivity.

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) Stronger patent laws tend to benefit financial institutions as well as manufacturers.

(B) Increased productivity in manufacturing is likely to be accompanied by the creation of more manufacturing jobs.

(C) Manufacturers will decrease investment in the development of new products and technologies unless there are stronger patent laws.

(D) The weakness of current patent laws has been a cause of economic recession.

(E) Stronger patent laws would stimulate improvements in productivity for many manufacturers.

8. Which of the following best completes the passage below?

At large amusement parks, live shows are used very deliberately to influence crowd movements. Lunchtime performances relieve the pressure on a park’s restaurants. Evening performances have a rather different purpose: to encourage visitors to stay for supper. Behind this surface divergence in immediate purpose there is the unified underlying goal of _ _ _ _ _.

(A) keeping the lines at the various rides short by drawing off part of the crowd

(B) enhancing revenue by attracting people who come only for the live shows and then leave the park

(D) encouraging as many people as possible to come to the park in order to eat at the restaurants

(E) utilizing the restaurants at optimal levels for as much of the day as possible

9.James weighs more than Kelly.
Luis weighs more than Mark.
Mark weighs less than Ned.
Kelly and Ned are exactly the same weight.

If the information above is true, which of the following must also be true?

(A) Luis weighs more than Ned.

(B) Luis weighs more than James.

(D) James weighs more than Mark

(E) Kelly weighs less than Mark.

Questions 10-11 are based on the following.

Partly because of bad weather, but also partly because some major pepper growers have switched to high-priced cocoa, world production of pepper has been running well below worldwide sales for three years. Pepper is consequently in relatively short supply. The price of pepper has soared in response: it now equals that of cocoa.

10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(A) Pepper is a profitable crop only if it is grown on a large scale.

(B) World consumption of pepper has been unusually high for three years.

(D) Surplus stocks of pepper have been reduced in the past three years.

(E) The profits that the growers of pepper have made in the past three years have been unprecedented.

Friday, 22 August 2014

VT 53 - PJ (OLD CAT PAPERS)

1. 1. It is significant that one of the most common objections to competition is that it is blind.
A. This is important because in a system of free enterprise based on private property chances are not equal and is indeed a strong case for reducing that inequality of opportunity.
B. Rather it is a choice between a system where it is the will of a few persons that decides who is to get what and one where it depends at least partly on the ability and the enterprise of the people concerned.
C. Although competition and justice may have little else in common, it is as much a commendation of competition as of justice that is no respecter of the persons.
D. The choice today is not between a system in which everybody will get what he deserves according to some universal standard and one where individual shares are determined by chance or goodwill.
6. The fact that opportunities open to the poor in a competitive society are much more restricted than those open to the rich, does not make it less true that in such a society the poor are more free than a person commanding much greater material comfort in s different type of society.
1) CDBA 2) DCBA 3) ABCD 4) BADC

2.
1. The necessity for regional integration in South Asia is underlined by the very history of the last 45 years since the liquidation of the British Empire in this part of the world.
A. After the partition of the Indian Subcontinent, Pakistan was formed in that very which the imperial powers had always marked out as the potential base for operations against the Russian power in Central Asia.
B. Because of the disunity and ill-will among the South Asian neighbors, particular India and Pakistan, the great powers from outside the area could meddle into their affairs and thereby keep neighbors apart.
C. It needs to be added that it was the bountiful supply of sophisticated arms that emboldened Pakistan to go for war like bellicosity towards India.
D. As a part of the cold war strategy of the U.S , Pakistan was sucked into Washington’ s military alliance spreading over the years.
6. Internally too, it was the massive induction of American arms into Pakistan which empowered the military junta of that country to stuff out the civilian government and destroy democracy in Pakistan.
1) ACBD 2) ABDC 3) CBAD 4) DCAB

3.
1. Commercial energy consumption shows an increasing trend and poses a major challenge for
the future.
A. The demand for petroleum during 1996-97 and 2006-07 is anticipated to 81 million tons and 125 million tons respectively.
B. According to the projections of the 14th power Survey Committee Report, the electricity generation requirements from utilities will be about 415 billion units by 1996-97 and 824 billion units by 2006-07.
C. The production of coal should reach 303 million tons by 1996-97 to achieve plan targets and 460 million tons by 2006-07.
D. The demand for petroleum products has already outstripped indigenous production.
6. Electricity is going to play a major role in the development of infrastructural facilities.
2) DACB 2) CADB 3) BADC 4) ABCD

4.
1. The success of any unit in a competitive environment depends on prudent management sources.
A. In this context it would have been more appropriate if the concept of accelerated depreciation together with additional incentives towards capital allowances for recouping a portion of the cost of replacements out of the current generations had been accepted.
B. Added to this are the negligible retention of profits because of inadequate capital allowances are artificial disallowances of genuine outflows.
C. One significant cause for poor generation of surpluses is the high cost of capital and its servicing cost.
D. The lack of a mechanism in India tax laws for quick recovery of capital costs has received its due attention.
6. While this may apparently look costly from the point of view of the exchequer, cost to the government and the community in the losses suffered through poor viability will be prohibitive.
1) ADBC 2) BCDA 3) CBDA 4) DBAC

5. 1. Count Rumford is perhaps best known for his observations on the nature of heat.
A. He undertook several experiments in order to test the theories of the origin of frictional heat
B. According to the colorists, the heat was produced by the ‘’ caloric’’ squeezed out of the chips in the process of separating them from the larger pieces of metal.
C. Lavoisier had introduced the term ‘’caloric’’ for the weightless substance heat, and had included it among the chemical elements along with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
D. In the ammunitions factory in Munich, Rumford noticed that a considerable degree of heat developed in a brass gun while it was being bored.
6. Rumford could not believe that the amount of heat generated could have come from the small amount of dust created.
1) ABCD 2) CBDA 3) ACDB 4) CDAB

6. 1. The death of cinema has been predicted annually.
A. It hasn’t happened.
B. It was said that the television would kill it off-and indeed audiences plummeted, reaching a low in 1984.
C. Film has enjoyed a renaissance, and audiences are nor roughly double of what they were a decade ago.
D. Then the home computer became the projected nemesis followed by satellite television.
6. Why? probably because even in the most atomized of societies, we human beings feel the need to share out fantasies and our excitement.
1) CADB 2) BDAC 3) ABDC 4) DABC

7.
A. That Hollywood is a man’s world is certainly true but it is not the whole truth.
B. Even Renaissance film actress Jodie Foster who hosts this compendium of movie history, confess surprise at this.
C. She says that she had no idea that women were so active in the industry even those days.
D. During the silent era, for example, female script writers outnumbered males 10 to 1.
1) ADBC 2) ABDC 3) DCAB 4) ABCD

8. 1. Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving of memories.
A. Psychologists of the Gastalt school maintain that objects are recognized as a whole in a parallel procedure.
B. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain’s memory system that constitutes an internal representation on the viewed object.
C. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a single one-step procedure or a serial step-by-step one.
D. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal recognition and thereby recognized.
6. The internal representation is matched with the retinal image in single operation.
1) DBAC 2) DCAB 3) BDCA 4) CABD

9. 1. The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.
A. Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach towards modern characters.
B. Development was retarded, however until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.
C. In the Oligocene Epoch, there was further improvement, with appearance of some new lines and extinction of theories.
D. This led in Eocene time to increase in average size, larger mental capacity, and special adaptations for different modes of life.
6. The peak of the career of mammals in variety and average large size was attained in this epoch.
1) BDCA 2) ACDB 3) BCDA 4) ACBD

10. A. There was the hope that in another existence a greater happiness would reward one
B. Previous existence, and the effort to do better would be less difficult too when
C. It would be less difficult to bear the evils of one’s own life if
D. One could think that they were but the necessary outcome of one’s errors in a
1) CABD 2) BDCA 3) BADC 4) CDBA

Thursday, 21 August 2014

VT 52 - VOCAB QUIZ

1.   incapacitate (v.):
      To deprive of power, capacity, competency, or qualification.
      To ward off.
      To waver.
      To keep under restraint or control.
      To estimate the money value of.

2.   plagiarism (n.):
      One who or that which is substituted for or appointed to act in place ofanother.
      The stealing of passages from the writings of another and publishing them asone's own.
      Overthrow or violent disturbance of established order or condition.
      A model, pattern, or original to be copied or imitated.
      Deprivation of strength or energy.

3.   ruth (n.):
      The yielding to inclination, passion, desire, or propensity in oneself oranother.
      One who loves books.
      Sorrow for another's misery.
      Unwillingness to brook delays or wait the natural course of things.
      A prominence.

4.   attest (v.):
      To certify as accurate, genuine, or true.
      To reduce or lessen, as by use, exhaustion, or waste.
      To proclaim.
      To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest.
      To contend.

5.   henchman (n.):
      Apparition.
      The act or ceremony of naming a man or woman for office.
      A servile assistant and subordinate.
      An acknowledgment entered into before a court with condition to do someparticular act.
      Revision.

6.   kind-hearted (adj.):
      Irascible.
      Pertaining to the lungs.
      Matchless.
      Having a kind and sympathetic nature.
      Contemptible.

7.   arbor (n.):
      Harsh or malignant oppression.
      Urgency.
      The quality of being noticeable or distinguished.
      In colonial times, a member of the lower house of the legislature of Marylandor Virginia.
      A tree.

8.   ruminant (adj.):
      Not flowing: said of water, as in a pool.
      Exhibiting or indicating omission.
      Pertaining to marriage, marital rights, or married persons.
      Including or pertaining to the whole of America, both North and South.
      Chewing the cud.

9.   Quixotic (adj.):
      Contradictory.
      Living, occurring, or existing at the same time.
      Chivalrous or romantic to a ridiculous or extravagant degree.
      Discriminating.
      That can be imagined or conceived in the mind.

10.   aphorism (n.):
      A written or spoken statement that is flat, dull, or commonplace.
      Anything that destroys or restrains the growth of putrefactivemicro-organisms.
      Proverb.
      Blessing.
      A probability.

11.   lunar (adj.):
      Pertaining to the moon.
      Approachable.
      Judging severely or harshly.
      Of the nature of a line.
      Physically powerful.

12.   scrupulous (adj.):
      Pertaining to one's birth.
      Credulous.
      Farthest from the front.
      Unduly or excessively proud, as of wealth, station, learning, etc.
      Cautious in action for fear of doing wrong.

13.   precedent (n.):
      A space entirely devoid of matter.
      An instance that may serve as a guide or basis for a rule.
      A servile favorite.
      Determination of the distinctive nature of a disease.
      Transition of the soul of a human being at death into another body,whether human or beast.
14.   lune (n.):
      One of four equal parts into which anything is or may be divided.
      The moon.
      The head man.
      Any shrub or small tree of the genus Alumnus, of the oak family.
      Profound lethargy.

15.   foresee (v.):
      To discern beforehand.
      To confiscate.
      To be in collusion.
      To step beyond.
      To examine formally by questioning.

16.   dishonest (adj.):
      Perceptible by touch.
      Having gentle or courteous bearing or manner.
      Being on the alert to discover and ward off danger or insure safety.
      Untrustworthy.
      Urgent.

17.   Hibernian (adj.):
      Pertaining to edible grain or farinaceous seeds.
      Worldly, as opposed to spiritual or celestial.
      Clinging or sticking fast.
      Characterized by bold or insolent opposition.
      Pertaining to Ireland, or its people.

18.   nomic (adj.):
      Usual or customary.
      Having skill in the use of the bodily or mental powers.
      Obscure.
      Melancholy.
      Auxiliary.

19.   prospectus (n.):
      hot winds from Africa.
      A bitter or malicious criticism.
      Inflated or extravagant language, especially on unimportant subjects.
      One who trains horses, dogs, etc.
      A paper or pamphlet containing information of a proposed undertaking.

20.   reparation (n.):
      The act of making amends, as for an injury, loss, or wrong.
      The office or dignity of a magistrate.
      Separation of the more volatile parts of a substance from those lessvolatile.
      A practitioner of midwifery.
      That which annoys, vexes, or irritates.

21.   rejuvenate (v.):
      To wind and turn while proceeding in a course.
      To fascinate, as by excellence. eloquence, or beauty.
      To tear rudely or raggedly.
      To restore to youth.
      To slander.

22.   foreground (n.):
      A room for reception of callers or entertainment of guests.
      A consecration to the ministry.
      A judgment or opinion formed without due examination of the facts.
      The sharp striking of one body against another.
      That part of a landscape or picture situated or represented as nearest thespectator.

23.   cosmography (n.):
      Sorrow for something done or left undone, with desire to make things rightby undoing the wrong.
      The science that describes the universe, including astronomy, geography,and geology.
      One who entrusts.
      An article in a periodical written by the editor and published as an officialargument.
      A treasurer.

24.   continuity (n.):
      Hatred of mankind.
      A great Hindu prince.
      The faintest ray.
      A tenant in possession of property, as distinguished from the actual owner.
      Uninterrupted connection in space, time, operation, or development.

25.   contrivance (n.):
      A formal or discriminating expression of praise.
      A recess.
      The act planning, devising, inventing, or adapting something to or for aspecial purpose.
      The art of examing objects with the microscope.
      Means of subsistence.

26.   epicycle (n.):
      An idle wanderer.
      The recovery of what is mortgaged or pledged, by paying the debt.
      A circle that rolls upon the external or internal circumference of anothercircle.
      Historian.
      Fulfillment.

27.   tyro (n.):
      Hole.
      Anything that rouses to activity or to quickened action.
      Insanity.
      One slightly skilled in or acquainted with any trade or profession.
      A social party composed of persons masked and costumed so as to bedisguised.

28.   imminence (n.):
      Impending evil or danger.
      A figure having seven sides and seven angles.
      One who has the charge and direction of, especially of some work ormovement.
      A furtherer, forwarder, or encourager.
      Carriage of the body in going.

29.   junction (n.):
      One who rejects authority or inspiration in religion.
      The military force stationed in a fort, town, or other place for its defense.
      The condition of being joined.
      The dignity, condition, office, or term of office of an alderman.
      Monovalency.

30.   tacit (adj.):
      That may or can collapse.
      Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, the English philosopher.
      Quarrelsome.
      Understood.
      Implied.

Wednesday, 20 August 2014

VT 51 - RC

The fact that superior service can generate a
competitive advantage for a company does not
mean that every attempt at improving service will
create such an advantage. Investments in service,
like those in production and distribution, must be
balanced against other types of investments on the
basis of direct, tangible benefits such as cost
reduction and increased revenues. If a company is
already effectively on a par with its competitors
because it provides service that avoids a damaging
reputation and keeps customers from leaving at an
unacceptable rate, then investment in higher
service levels may be wasted, since service is a
deciding factor for customers only in extreme
situations.
This truth was not apparent to managers of one
regional bank, which failed to improve its
competitive position despite its investment in
reducing the time a customer had to wait for a
teller. The bank managers did not recognize the
level of customer inertia in the consumer banking
industry that arises from the inconvenience of
switching banks. Nor did they analyze their service
improvement to determine whether it would attract
new customers by producing a new standard of
service that would excite customers or by proving
difficult for competitors to copy. The only merit of
the improvement was that it could easily be
described to customers.

1 The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) contrast possible outcomes of a type of
business investment
(B) suggest more careful evaluation of a type of
business investment
(C) illustrate various ways in which a type of
business investment could fail to enhance
revenues
(D) trace the general problems of a company to a
certain type of business investment
(E) criticize the way in which managers tend to
analyze the costs and benefi ts of business
investments

2. According to the passage, investments in service are
comparable to investments in production and
distribution in terms of the
(A) tangibility of the benefi ts that they tend to confer
(B) increased revenues that they ultimately produce
(C) basis on which they need to be weighed
(D) insuffi cient analysis that managers devote to
them
(E) degree of competitive advantage that they are
likely to provide

3. The passage suggests which of the following about
service provided by the regional bank prior to its
investment in enhancing that service?
(A) It enabled the bank to retain customers at an
acceptable rate.
(B) It threatened to weaken the bank’s competitive
position with respect to other regional banks.
(C) It had already been improved after having
caused damage to the bank’s reputation in the
past.
(D) It was slightly superior to that of the bank’s
regional competitors.
(E) It needed to be improved to attain parity with
the service provided by competing banks

4. The passage suggests that bank managers failed to
consider whether or not the service improvement
mentioned
(A) was too complicated to be easily described to
prospective customers
(B) made a measurable change in the experiences
of customers in the bank’s offi ces
(C) could be sustained if the number of customers
increased signifi cantly
(D) was an innovation that competing banks could
have imitated
(E) was adequate to bring the bank’s general level
of service to a level that was comparable with
that of its competitors

5. The discussion of the regional bank in the second
paragraph serves which of the following functions
within the passage as a whole?
(A) It describes an exceptional case in which
investment in service actually failed to produce
a competitive advantage.
(B) It illustrates the pitfalls of choosing to invest in
service at a time when investment is needed
more urgently in another area.
(C) It demonstrates the kind of analysis that
managers apply when they choose one kind of
service investment over another.
(D) It supports the argument that investments in
certain aspects of service are more
advantageous than investments in other aspects
of service.
(E) It provides an example of the point about
investment in service made in the fi rst
paragraph.

6. The author uses the word “only” in the most likely
in order to
(A) highlight the oddity of the service improvement
(B) emphasize the relatively low value of the
investment in service improvement
(C) distinguish the primary attribute of the service
improvement from secondary attributes
(D) single out a certain merit of the service
improvement from other merits
(E) point out the limited duration of the actual
service improvement

************************************************************************************

In an attempt to improve the overall performance of
clerical workers, many companies have introduced
computerized performance monitoring and control
systems (CPMCS) that record and report a worker’s
computer-driven activities. However, at least one
study has shown that such monitoring may not be
having the desired effect. In the study, researchers
asked monitored clerical workers and their
supervisors how assessments of productivity
affected supervisors’ ratings of workers’
performance. In contrast to unmonitored workers
doing the same work, who without exception
identified the most important element in their jobs
as customer service, the monitored workers and
their supervisors all responded that productivity
was the critical factor in assigning ratings. This
finding suggested that there should have been a
strong correlation between a monitored worker’s
productivity and the overall rating the worker
received. However, measures of the relationship
between overall rating and individual elements of
performance clearly supported the conclusion that
supervisors gave considerable weight to criteria
such as attendance, accuracy, and indications of
customer satisfaction.
It is possible that productivity may be a
“hygiene factor”; that is, if it is too low, it will hurt
the overall rating. But the evidence suggests that
beyond the point at which productivity becomes
“good enough,” higher productivity per se is unlikely
to improve a rating.

7. According to the passage, before the fi nal results of
the study were known, which of the following seemed
likely?
(A) That workers with the highest productivity would
also be the most accurate
(B) That workers who initially achieved high
productivity ratings would continue to do so
consistently
(C) That the highest performance ratings would be
achieved by workers with the highest
productivity
(D) That the most productive workers would be
those whose supervisors claimed to value
productivity
(E) That supervisors who claimed to value
productivity would place equal value on
customer satisfaction

8. It can be inferred that the author of the passage
discusses “unmonitored workers” primarily in
order to
(A) compare the ratings of these workers with the
ratings of monitored workers
(B) provide an example of a case in which
monitoring might be effective
(C) provide evidence of an inappropriate use of
CPMCS
(D) emphasize the effect that CPMCS may have on
workers’ perceptions of their jobs
(E) illustrate the effect that CPMCS may have on
workers’ ratings

9. Which of the following, if true, would most clearly have
supported the conclusion referred to in lines in the last 4-5 lines ?
(A) Ratings of productivity correlated highly with
ratings of both accuracy and attendance.
(B) Electronic monitoring greatly increased
productivity.
(C) Most supervisors based overall ratings of
performance on measures of productivity alone.
(D) Overall ratings of performance correlated more
highly with measures of productivity than the
researchers expected.
(E) Overall ratings of performance correlated more
highly with measures of accuracy than with
measures of productivity.

10. According to the passage, a “hygiene factor”
is an aspect of a worker’s performance that
(A) has no effect on the rating of a worker’s
performance
(B) is so basic to performance that it is assumed to
be adequate for all workers
(C) is given less importance than it deserves in
rating a worker’s performance
(D) is not likely to affect a worker’s rating unless it is
judged to be inadequate
(E) is important primarily because of the effect it
has on a worker’s rating

11 The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) explain the need for the introduction of an
innovative strategy
(B) discuss a study of the use of a particular
method
(C) recommend a course of action
(D) resolve a difference of opinion
(E) suggest an alternative approach